China is the world's third largest country by area. One in every five people in the world (1.4 billion) live in China. Until overtaken by India in 2023, it was the most populated country on Earth. It is a one-party Communist state. China is changing rapidly and faces a number of political challenges.

A Capitalist economic system has brought wealth for some and mass migration from rural to urban areas. Not everyone has benefited from social and economic change, and new problems have been created.