A number of powerful kingdoms developed in precolonial West Africa. They each had their own diverse cultures, art, histories and religions.

The Kingdom of Benin was located in what is now southern Nigeria. Benin was led by the Oba, a powerful leader who was believed to be a god.

The Mali Empire was created when Sundiata Keita united a series of smaller kingdoms in 1235. Led by Mansa Musa, Mali became famous for its trade in gold.