Week 74 - Main Grammatical Points

Arwyn has been a real spendthrift and asks to borrow money from Brian. It seems that Arwyn has spent all the money he got from Duncan after smuggling the illegal immigrants in to Wales.

In English, we can spend time as well as spend money, but in Welsh, we have two separate words for the word spend:

"Treulio" means to spend time

and

"Gwario" means to spend Money

So to say: "He spends his time spending money" is translated as follows:

Mae e'n treulio ei amser yn gwario arian.

Here are some other examples:

Mae hi eisiau treulio'r Nadolig yn Norwy eleni
She wants to spend Christmas in Norway this year.

Mae Rhodri wedi gwario ei arian poced.
Rhodri has spent his pocket money.

"Benthyg" means to borrow in Welsh - and "rhoi benthyg" means to lend. As in English. We borrow something, but we lend something to someone.

Mae Agnes wedi benthyg y sgarff
Means
Agnes has borrowed the scarf

But

Mae Agnes wedi rhoi benthyg y sgarff i Jenny
Means
Agnes has lent the scarf to Jenny.

Contrary to English, when people fail to differentiate between to borrow and to lend in Welsh, it is perfectly acceptable to say:

Dw i wedi benthyg y sgarff i Jenny

Note that benthyca is just a variation of the word benthyg.

The expression "Dod o hyd i" means 'to find' - "dod o hyd i".

Another way of saying the same thing is: "cael hyd i".

Remember to use the soft mutation after the preposition "i"

Let's look at some examples:

Mae Arwyn wedi dod o hyd i lyfr diddorol.
Arwyn has found an interesting book.

"Llyfr" has become "lyfr" after the preposition "i"

Maen nhw wedi cael hyd i drysor
They have found treasure.

"Trysor" has taken a soft mutation after "i" to become "drysor".