The distribution of large-scale ecosystems (biomes) is determined by climate. Latitude, air pressure and winds are important factors that determine the climate of a place.

Types of biomes

The map shows the distribution of the global ecosystems or biomes.

Characteristics of biomes

• Tundra - found near the North and South poles. Very few plants and animals can survive here.
• Taiga (coniferous forest) - found in Scandinavia, Russia and Canada. Evergreen trees thrive in this cool temperate climate.
• Temperate deciduous forest - found across Europe and in the USA. These trees lose their leaves every year and thrive in mild and wet conditions known as a temperate maritime climate.
• Temperate grassland - found in Hungary, South Africa, Argentina and the USA. Consists of grass and trees that thrive in a temperate continental climate of moderate rainfall and mild conditions.
• Chaparral or evergreen hardwood (Mediterranean) - found around the Mediterranean Sea, around Perth and Melbourne in Australia and California in the USA.
• Desert - found near the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. Conditions here are very hot and dry. Plants and animals are specially adapted to survive in the harsh conditions.
• Tropical rainforest - found near the Equator. The climate is hot and humid and many different species can be found here.
• Savanna grassland - found mainly in central Africa, southern India, northern Australia and central South America. Long grasses and a few scattered trees are found in these hot and dry conditions.

Ecosystems change gradually between the Equator and the Poles.