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Swimming - essential skills and techniques Swimming freestyle/front crawl

These essential skills and step-by-step resources will explain the techniques required to successfully perform a range of actions in swimming.

Part of Physical EducationSwimming

Swimming freestyle/front crawl

The front crawl is the fastest of the front swimming strokes and the technique is used during all freestyle swimming competitions.

Stage one

  • Position the body flat in the water with a slight slope down to hips.
  • The water line should be between the eyebrows and the hairline with eyes focused forward and slightly downward.

Stage two

  • Begin alternate kicking with knees slightly bent and movement starting at the hips.
  • Keep ankles relaxed, point toes and kick up. Try to prevent splashing.

Stage three

  • Begin alternate arm action with a slightly bent arm and ensure the hand is turned with the palm facing half outward for a thumb-first entry.
  • Extend the arm out of the water to a natural stretch and ensure the hand re-enters the water in-line with the ear.
  • As the hand enters the water, bend the elbow to 90° and change the hand position to curve inward toward the body's mid-line.
  • As the stroke is completed, bring the arm upward, outward and backward and exit the water little-finger first.

Stage four

  • Throughout the strokes, maintain breathing by bringing the turning the head with the natural roll of the body.
  • Ensure that the breath is released gradually until the next in breath.

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