Giant covalent structures
A A structure in which very large numbers of atoms are joined together by covalent bonds in a regular network. is a three-dimensional structure of atoms that are joined by covalent bonds.
Allotropes are different forms of the same element, in the same state.
A form of pure carbon in which all the atoms are bonded to three others in giant sheets which can slide over each other.,A form of carbon consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms joined together in hexagonal rings. and A form (allotrope) of pure carbon in which all the atoms are bonded to four others in a giant tetrahedral network structure which is very strong. Diamond is a the hardest known natural substance, has a very high melting point and does not conduct electricity. are allotropes of the same element (carbon) in the same state (solid). Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds.
Diamond
Diamond is a giant covalent structure in which each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms in a tetrahedral, three-dimensional structure. Diamond’s properties include:
- high melting and boiling points. Diamond’s many covalent bonds are strong and substantial energy is needed to break them.
- does not conduct electricity. Diamond has no free ions or Electrons that are not associated with a particular atom, eg in a metal, outer electrons can be free to move through the solid. electrons to move and carry the charge.
- hardness. Diamond’s three-dimensional tetrahedral structure with strong covalent bonds makes it very hard.