Menya uko uno Jenerali wo mu ntambara ya 2 y'isi yatsinze umwanzi we mukuru w'umu-Nazi

Imyaka 50 irashize umusirikare mukuru mu ngabo z'u Bwongereza , Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery uzwi cyane ku izina rya "Monty" atabarutse. Mu 1968, yabwiye BBC uko urugamba rwa El Alamein rwagenze, n'uko yabonaga mugenzi we w'Umudage bari bahanganye , Erwin Rommel, wari uzwi ku izina rya Nyiramuhari yo mu butayu (Desert Fox)

"Iyo yatsindwaga ntiyacikaga intege, yakomezaga kuba umunyembaraga. Iyo yatsindaga, ntiyihanganirwaga."

Ayo ni amagambo Winston Churchill yakoresheje asobanura imiterere idasanzwe ya Field Marshal Bernard 'Monty' Montgomery, uwari inyuma y'intsinzi ikomeye yabaye mu kwezi kwa cumi na kumwe (11) 1942 ku rugamba rwa kabiri rwa El Alamein. Iyo ntsinzi ifatwa nk'aho yahinduye icyerekezo cy'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi, cyane cyane muri Afurika ya Ruguru.

Nyuma yaho, Churchill wari Minisitiri w'intebe y'u Bwongereza yongeye kuvuga amagambo yamamaye cyane agira ati: "Si iherezo. Ndetse si n'intangiriro y'iherezo. Ariko, birashoboka ko ari iherezo ry'intangiriro".

Ku wa 24 ukwezi kwa gatatu(3) 1976, Field Marshal Bernard "Monty" Montgomery yitabye Imana afite imyaka 88, ubu uzwi ku izina nka Lord Montgomery wa El Alamein yari amaze igihe kirekire mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru, igihe cyaranzwe n'ibyishimo ariko rimwe na rimwe hakagaragara n'amakimbirane.

Yari umuntu ugorana kwihanganirwa, udatinya guteza ibibazo. Mu gitabo cye cyibuka ubuzima bwe, yasuzuguye Jenerali Dwight D. Eisenhower, wari umuyobozi we mukuru ndetse wabaye na Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Mu buryo bwe busanzwe bwuzuyemo ubwibone yagize ati: "Umuntu mwiza. Ariko si umusirikare". Mu gihe cyo kwisuzuma, yigeze gutebya agira ati: "Umurimo wanjye, nk'uko mubizi, ni intambara - kurwana n'Abadage cyangwa undi wese ushaka kurwana".

Igihe Bernard Montgomery yageraga mu Misiri mu kwezi kwa karindwi 1942, amaze gushyirwaho nk'umuyobozi mushya w'ingabo za British Eighth Army, Abafatanyabikorwa bari mu bihe bikomeye ku mirongo myinshi y'intambara.

Mu nyanja ya Pasifika, Abayapani bari baramaze gucogoza imbaraga z'u Bwongereza n'iza Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, maze bafata Hong Kong na Singapore.

Mu Nyanja ya Atlantika, ubwato bw'intambara bw'Abadage bwo mu mazi bwari mu kaga ko gutuma u Bwongereza ubura ibiribwa, bugashyirwa mu maboko yabo.

Mu Misiri, igisirikare cy'Abadage cyari hafi gutsinda no kwigarurira umurwa mukuru, Cairo, nk'uko cyari cyamaze kwigarurira igice kinini cy'u Burayi.

N'ubwo bari baraje muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru umwaka wabanje kugira ngo bafashe Abataliyani muri Libya, Abadage bari bafite icyifuzo cyo kugera ku ntsinzi ikomeye kurushaho.

Bari bohereje Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, wari umwe mu basirikare bakuru babo b'abahanga kurusha abandi, ngo asenye ingabo z'u Bwongereza maze afate Misiri n'Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati, ndetse anigarurire ibitoro byari ingenzi mu gukomeza intambara y'u Bwongereza.

Rommel yagaragaje ubuhanga bukomeye nk'umuyobozi wa Afrika Korps, ingabo zidasanzwe z'Abadage zari zaroherejwe muri Afurika. Ubushobozi bwe bwo kuyobora intambara bwatumye ahabwa izina rya Nyiramuhari yo mu butayu. (Desert Fox).

Mu 1968, Montgomery yagiranye ikiganiro n'umunyamakuru wa BBC, Cliff Michelmore, ari muri caravan (Inzu yimukanwa) n'ubundi yari yarakoresheje mu butayu bwa Misiri igihe yateguraga uburyo bwo kurusha amayeri umwanzi we mukuru.

Kugira ngo bimufashe kwiyumvisha neza icyo yagombaga gukora, Montgomery yari afite ifoto ya Rommel yarimanitse ku rukuta rw'ibiro bye byimukanwa.

Yagize ati: "Nayirebaga nkibaza nti, uyu ni muntu ki? Ninkora ibi, we azakora iki? Mu buryo budasanzwe, byaramfashaga/byaramfashije. Ntekereza ko abantu benshi batekerezaga ko ndi umusazi. Ariko murabizi, kuva kera abantu bakunze kunyita umusazi ku buryo ubu mbifata nk'ishimwe."

"Niba tudashobora kuguma hano turi bazima, noneho reka tuhaguye twapfuye." - Bernard Montgomery

Mbere y'uko Montgomery agera muri Afurika ya Rugur, Rommel yari atinyitse cyane mu basirikare b'Abongereza, bari barubatse ishusho ye nk'umuhanga mu bya gisirikare.

Ndetse na Churchill yageze aho amuvuga ku mugaragaro mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko (House of Commons) agira ati:

"Dufite umwanzi udatinya kandi ufite ubuhanga bukomeye. reka mbivuge muri iki gihe intambara yagize ingaruka zitandukanye , ni umujenerali ukomeye."

Nk'uko byasobanuwe n'umuhanga mu mateka Niall Barr, iyo shusho ya Rommel "yafashije kugabanya kunengwa kw'intege nke nyinshi z'ingabo z'u Bwongereza mu butayu. Byari byoroshye gusobanura gutsindwa kenshi werekana imbaraga z'umwanzi, kuruta kwemera no guhangana n'intege nke z'ingabo z'u Bwongereza ubwazo."

Montgomery, abajijwe na Michelmore uko yabonaga Rommel, yavuze ko "yari atandukanye cyane n'uko abantu benshi bamufataga. Yamugereranyije n'"umuntu wo mu bwoko bwa Prince Rupert," umuyobozi w'intwari wakundaga kuba imbere ku rugamba ari kumwe n'ingabo ze, aho kuyobora intambara ari mu biro bikuru.

N'ubwo abasirikare ba Rommel "bamukundaga cyane kandi bakamukurikira aho agiye hose," Montgomery yavuze ko ubwo buryo butari bukwiye ku buyobozi bwo ku rwego rwo hejuru.

Yagize ati: "Ntabwo ntekereza ko Rommel yasobanukiwe n'imiyoborere, kandi nyamara ni ingenzi cyane mu ntambara. Naje gusobanukirwa ko ibyo nshaka kugeraho imbere ku rugamba bigomba kujyana n'ubushobozi bwo kubitegura no kubigenzura inyuma y'urugamba. Bitabaye ibyo, ntibyashoboka."

Ibyiciro bitatu by'urugamba

"Nababwiye ibitekerezo byanjye n'uko nabonaga ejo hazaza. Ntekereza ko bamwe muri bo bumvaga ko ndi kwiyemera cyane. Nari maze amasaha atageze kuri 12 ngeze mu butayu, noneho nkiri aho mbabwira icyo gukora, ntanga amabwiriza n'icyizere gikomeye cyane, nk'aho nahabaye ubuzima bwanjye bwose. Ariko uko byari bimeze kose, ikintu kimwe cyari kimaze kumvikana neza. nta gushidikanya cyangwa urujijo byari bikibaho."

Umudugudu wa El Alamein uri hagati y'inkombe z'Inyanja ya Mediterane ku ruhande rumwe n'ibishanga by'umunyu bidashobora gutambukamo ku ruhande rw'amajyepfo. Guhera ku Rugamba rwa mbere rwa El Alamein rwabaye mu kwezi kwa karindwi(7), ingabo za Munani z'ubwongereza (Eighth Army) zari zarashinze ibirindiro aho, zikumira Rommel wageragezaga kugana i Cairo.

Mu mezi yakurikiyeho, Montgomery yakomeje guhugura no kongera guha intwaro abasirikare be, igihe nawe yateguraga umugambi we mugari w'urugamba. Yabwiye ingabo ze ati:

"Uko mbona uru rugamba, ruzanyura mu byiciro bitatu by'ingenzi. Icya mbere ni ukumenera mu mwanzi (break-in). Icya kabiri ni urugamba rukomeye rwo guhangana (dogfight). Ntekereza ko iki cyiciro kizahinduka intambara ikaze yo kwicana, ikamara iminsi 10 cyangwa 12."

Yashakaga guha abasirikare be icyizere ko buri kintu cyose kizategurwa kugeza ku kantu ka nyuma. Yongeyeho ati:

"Umwanzi azacika intege. Hanyuma hazakurikiraho gusohoka tugaba igitero cyuzuye, ari na byo bizageza ku iherezo rya Rommel muri Afurika."

Ku itariki ya 23 Ukwezi kwa cumi(10), Montgomery yari yamaze kwitegura gutangiza igitero. Uwo munsi watangiranye n'igitero gikomeye cy'amasasu yo mu mbunda ziremereye, ari na cyo kinini Ingabo z'u Bwongereza zari zigeze zigaba kuva Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi irangiye.

Montgomery, wari warabonye ingaruka mbi z'iyo ntambara ndetse yarakomerekeyemo bikomeye, yari yiyemeje kwirinda uko bishoboka kose gutakaza ubuzima bw'abantu bitari ngombwa. Nk'uko umuhanga mu mateka Richard Holmes abisobanura, iryo sasu rikomeye ryagaragazaga icyifuzo cya Montgomery "cyo gukoresha ibyuma (amasasu n'intwaro), aho bishoboka hose, aho gukoresha abantu.

Aba Enjeniyeli mu by'agisirikare bafunguye inzira mu mirima minini yari irimo ibisasu byateguwe n'Abadage, bituma ibifaru by'abafatanyabikorwa bibasha kuhanyura. Nubwo uburemere bw'ibifaru bwari gutuma ibyo bisasu biturika, abasirikare bashoboye kwambuka ako gace neza.

Montgomery yahaye iki gice cy'umugambi we izina rikwiye rya Operation Lightfoot, bisobanura ko abasirikare bagendaga n'amaguru .

Impande zombi zatangiye gutakaza abantu benshi uko iminsi yicumaga, ariko ingabo z'Abadage n'Abataliyani zari nke ugereranyije n'abafatanyabikorwa ku kigero cya kabiri kuri kimwe. Ku rundi ruhande, ibifaru bya Rommel, byari kure y'aho yakuraga ibikoresho n'iibitoro aho yatangiye kugira ikibazo gikomeye cyo kubura ibitoro.

Mu ijoro ryo ku wa mbere rishyira ku wa kabiri ukwezi kwa 11, hatangiye icyiciro cya kabiri cy'igitero, cyiswe Operation Supercharge. Amatsinda y'ingabo z'u Bwongereza zifite ibifaru yaciye mu murongo wa nyuma w'ubwirinzi bw'ingabo za Axis, ariko gutera imbere ntikwari koroshye na gato.

Ku ya 3 Ugushyingo, Brigade y'ingabo ya Cyenda yakoreshaga ibifaru yatakaje ibifaru 102 muri 128 yari ifite. Nyuma y'urugamba rwa El Alamein, Montgomery yayoboye Ingabo ze zatsinze, Eighth Army, bambuka intera ya kilometero 3,200 (ibilometero 2,000) muri Afurika ya ruguru.

Rommel yari yaratangiranye ibifaru bigera kuri 500. Ariko ku musozo w'icyiciro cya mbere cy'urugamba, yari asigaranye ibifaru 100 gusa. Nyuma y'urugamba rukomeye rw'ibi bifaru ku munsi wa nyuma, hasigaye 30 gusa byari bigikora.

Amatsinda y'ingabo afite ubushobozi bwo kwimuka vuba ya Rommel yabashije gucika, kubera ko Montgomery nk'uko yari asanzwe abigenza yirinze gukora igikorwa cyose cyashyiraga ibintu mu kaga mu gihe cyo gukurikirana umwanzi uri guhunga. Nubwo byari bimeze bityo, ingabo nyinshi z'abasirikare bagenda n'amaguru barafashwe barafunga.

Mu kwezi kwa gatanu 1943, ingabo z'ibihugu byari bigize ihuriro rya Axis zari zisigaye muri Afurika ya Ruguru zamanitse amaboko.

Nubwo Erwin Rommel atigeze abona impera y'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi, ntiyaguye ku rugamba. Mu 1944, nyuma yo gushinjwa kugira uruhare mu mugambi wo kugerageza kwica Adolf Hitler, ubutegetsi bw'Abanazi bwamuhaye amahitamo akomeye yo kwiyahura ku bushake kugira ngo birinde igisebo cyo kumushyira mu rubanza ku mugaragaro.

Kugeza n'ubu, abashakashatsi mu mateka ntibumvikana ku ishusho nyakuri ya Rommel. Bamwe bamufata nk'umuyobozi w'ingabo wifuzaga kwitwara neza mu mwuga we, utarivangaga cyane muri politiki. Abandi, ariko, bavuga ko umwuga we n'icyubahiro yagize byari bifitanye isano ya hafi n'ubutegetsi bw'Abanazi buzwiho ubwicanyi, ubunyamanswa n'ihohoterwa rikabije.

Intsinzi yabonetse i El Alamein yabaye inkunga ikomeye kuri morale y'ingabo z'u Bwongereza mu ntambara. Montgomery wari utaramenyekana cyane mbere, yahise ahinduka "Monty", intwari ikundwa n'ingabo ze ndetse n'abo mu rugo.

Nyuma yaho, Montgomery yagarutse ayobora igitero cya D Day cyo kumanuka ku nkombe z'u Bufaransa, aho yari ayoboye ibisirikare bine by'abafatanyabikorwa, anatsinda urugamba rwa Normandy.

Filimi mbarankuru ya BBC yasohotse mu 1987 yitwa Monty: In Love and War yakusanyije ubuhamya bwa benshi bari barakoranye na Bernard Montgomery. Ubwo buhamya bwari butandukanye cyane, bwagaragazaga ko imico ye yari igoye.

Umujenerali w'ingabo za Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Bill Carter, yagize ati: "Nta cyubahiro na gito twahaga Montgomery. Yari umuntu wiyerekana cyane, ugira amagambo atari meza, utubahaga bagenzi be ku rugamba, ndetse yari n'umunyapolitiki mu buryo bwuzuye."

Lt Col Trumbull Warren, wari umwunganizi bwite wa hafi wa Bernard Montgomery ukomoka muri Canada yagize ati: "Ntekereza ko abantu bamumenye neza bakoranaga na we bya hafi bamwubahaga cyane. Ariko abataramumenye neza, navuga ko benshi muri bo bamwangaga. Yari umuntu ukwiye mu gihe gikwiye, kandi byagenze neza."

Ku rundi ruhande, nk'uko byavuzwe n'umukozi w'iperereza w'u Bwongereza Brigadier Sir Edgar Williams, yagize ati: "Ntabwo yari umuntu mwiza, ariko abantu beza ntibatsinda intambara."