Uburyo bwo guta ibiro bwaharawe cane mu gihe Abanya-Kenya bahinduye uko babona ubwiza

Muri Kenya, aho kuba uvyibushe uri munini vyigeze kuba bibonwa nk'ikimenyetso c'amagara meza n'uko ubuzima bwagukundiye, ubu ingendo yo guta ibiro niyo iharawe.

Kwibagisha hamwe n'imiti yo guta ibiro biriko biramenyerwa cane, aho bamwe mu bavuga rikijana ku mbuga hwaniro bayagira ababakurikira inzira baciyemwo mu guta ibiro, bamwe bakabishima abandi bakabinegura.

Ku kigo ciwe co guta ibiro ku murwa mukuru, Nairobi, Muganga Lyudmila Shchukina usanga ikirangaminsi ciwe cuzuye abasavye kuza kumuraba ngo abagire inama y'uko bobigenza.

S'uko vyamye kuri ico kigo kizwi nka Nairobi Bariatric Center, bashinze be n'umuhisi umugabo wiwe - bompi baturuka muri Ukraine - haraheze imyaka mirongo itatu.

Shchukina yishimira cane ko ico kigo ari nk'icatanguriye ibindi mu gihugu mu buhinga bwo kubaga mu ntumbero yo kugabanya ibiro, abacitura basa n'uko ata bo.

Ariko ubu kirateye imbere, cakira hagati y'abantu 10 na 15 ku munsi.

''Birijukiwe cane'', niko uwo muganga yabwiye BBC umunsi umwe ku mugoroba ahejeje akazi.

Kuremerwa mu kibano ishobora kuba ari imwe mu mvo z'igituma ibintu vyahindutse.

Abanya-Kenya, ku mbuga hwaniro barazwi ko ari abantu batarya umunwa, kandi benshi, baba abagabo baba abagore, hari abamaze kubwirwa nk'igitutsi, muri aka kajambo kamenyerewe muri Kenya ngo ''gabanya ubuvyibuhe'' mu gihe amafoto yabo aba yagaragaye ku mbuga hwaniro.

Igihe umunyepolitike Francis Gaitho yidoga ko hari abamutuka kuri internet kubera ibiro vyiwe, abantu batari bake bishuye bamubwira ngo ''gabanya ubuvyibuhe''.

Shchukina avuga ko izo mpungenge ku magara y'umubiri n'ayo mu mutwe afise aho ahuriye n'ibiro vy'umurengera ari zo zizana abantu kumwitura.

Yakira abarwayi bafise umuvuduko munini w'amaraso, ibibazo vyo kutavyara, diyabete, ububabare bwo mu ngingo n'umugongo, mu gihe hari n'abandi barajwe ishinga n'ubwiza bw'ubuzima bwabo muri rusangi.

Abanya-Kenya ubu ''bariko barabona ko kuvyibuha birengeje atari ikimenyetso c'itunga, ahubwo bijanye n'amagara'', niko Shchukina avuga.

Abajejwe amagara y'abantu uko iminsi ihera niko bagiye barabona ko ico kibazo giteye impungenge. Mu bisagara, umugore umwe kuri babiri n'umwe mu bagabo bane baharurwa nk'abafise ibiro birenze cane [ivyo bategerezwa kuba bafise] canke ibiro vyamaze kuba umurengera, ku bw'amatohoza yo mu 2022. Mu gihugu hagati ivyo bitigiri ni 39% na 14%.

Ariko bamwe mu baza kwitura Shchukina ni ababa barondera kuryohora uko umubiri wabo wubatse, iruhande y'ukwitwararika amagara yabo.

Avuga ko higeze kuba igihe aho kuba ''munini'' vyafatwa nk'ibigezweho ariko ''ubu ibigezweho ni [ukuba] muto muto, kunywabura... urashobora kubona uko biriko birahinduka''.

Umuhinga mu vy'ubwiza Yvonne Kanyi avuga ko ku bagore kwumva ko bategerezwa kuba ''banywabuye kandi bahesuye mu nda'' vyamyeho, ariko kuronka ubuhinga bwo kwa muganga bwo kubishikako ntavyariho.

Kanyi, akora urudandazwa rw'ibikoresho vyo kwipodora no gufata umubiri neza akanakunda kuvuga cane ku bijanye n'ubwiza n'ukwishingira imirimo, avuga ko icahindutse ari umuco wo kuba icamamare ubu wakomeje ibintu gusumba, ''watumye biba ibisanzwe gukoresha ubuhinga bwo kwa muganga kugira ugumane isura kanaka''.

Uretse ivyo, abagore baguma barushiriza kuba benshi mu kwumva ko bafise ububasha bwo gufata ingingo ku mubiri wabo ''ata kubanza gusaba imbabazi'', nk'uko abwira BBC.

Umwe muri abo ni Naomi Kuria, umwe mu bantu bazwi cane mu gutunganya ibica ku mbuga hwaniro. Nawe yarakoresheje ubuhinga bwo kwa muganga mu guta ibiro no kuryohora uko umubiri wiwe wubatse - ubu akaba yishimira cane uko vyagenze.

Kuria, w'imyaka 27, yatanguye kugerageza guta ibiro mu 2024.

Yatanguye kuja muri 'gym' (inzu ikorerwamo imyimenyerezo yo kwinonora), ariko inyuma y'amezi atanu, abona ko atariko arashika ku vyo yifuza. Ahubwo yari yongeyeko ibindi biro kandi ''nkumva ububabare bwinshi'' mu mavi.

Baramubwiye izindi nzira yocamwo, harimwo kwoga no kugenzura ivyo arya. Ariko yashaka ivyonyaruka.

Ati ariko ''Nzokwoga igihe kingana gute kugira nte ikiro kimwe, vy'ukuri?''

''Ni uko nca ntangura kurondera inzira za hafi zo guta ibiro mu nyuma menya ivyerekeye Ozempic.'' Yayibwiwe n'uwutunganya ibica ku mbuga hwaniro nka we hanyuma aca asaba impanuro kwa muganga.

Ozempic ni umwe mu miti myinshi, irimwo na Mounjaro na Wegovy, ubu isigaye yandikwa n'abaganga nk'imiti ifasha kugenzura ibiro ku gihe kirekire.

Irimwo semaglutide, umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura diyabete.

Uwo muti uterwa mu rushinge, uhiga inkabuzo/imisemburo igenzura ingene umuntu asonza n'ingene yumva ko ahaze, bigafasha mu kugenzura akayabagu (canke 'appétit').

Kuria avuga ko urwo rushinge rwatumye yegereza ibiro yifuza, mu guta ibiro 11 mu kiringo kingana hafi ukwezi n'inusu.

Muri Kenya, Ozempic uwuronka ari uko uwandikiwe na muganga gusa. Avuga ko yawutanzeko amashiringi ya Kenya (Ksh) angana na 80.000 ($620, hafi 2.000.000 mu mafaranga y'Uburundi).

N'ubwo mu ngaruka z'uwo muti harimwo ''kudahwa cane'', mu nyuma yaramerewe neza ''kuko igice kimwe kimwe cose c'umubiri wanje cari giteye neza''.

Ariko, Kuria yashaka gutera intambwe kurusha aho aca rero akorerwa icitwa airsculpt. Ni ubuhinga bwo kuvana ibinure mu gice kimwe c'umubiri bakabijana mu kindi. Nko kwa Kuria babikuye ku nda babitera mu maguru yiwe yari ''mato mato cane''.

Yaraneguwe cane n'abamukurikira kubera ivyo yakorewe, ariko abona ko biterwa n'uko abantu bumva ukutariko imvo ziwe.

Abamuvugako bamubajije igituma yabikoze, bavuga ko yari asanzwe afise ''umutumba uteye neza''.

Abandi bibajije igituma yakoresheje amafaranga yose hamwe angana n'amashiringi ya Kenya 700.000 ($5.400; mu mafaranga y'Uburundi arenga 15.000.000) kugira ahindure uko ateye ku mubiri.

''Ubu rero wafashe ingingo yo guhiganwa n'Imana,'' niko umwe yavuze.

Ariko Kuria yavuze ko ''yabaye amahitamwo yanje bwite,'' kandi ko ayishimira, n'ubwo ikivunga ''c'ibivugwa bitagira mvura'' mu ntango vyabanje kumuhungabanya.

''Ndiko ndavugwa ahantu hose ariko nta muntu n'umwe amvugako vyiza.

''Narashitse ahantu nshavura cane, nshavurira cane abantu. Nca ntangura kuja ndishura ivyo bamvugako, maze umbwiye nabi, nanje nkagusubiza nabi,'' niko abwira BBC.

Ciru Muriuki, w'imyaka 43, umumenyeshamakuru anatunganya ibihanahanwa ku mbuga hwaniro, nawe nyene yarashize ahabona ingene yabigenjeje ngo ate ibiro.

Muriuki yabwiye ikiganiro BBC Focus on Afrika podcast ati: ''Iyo mvuganye n'abantu bavyibushe birengeje, bavuga ko baterwa isoni n'uko bangana, ko hari ababatwenga iyo bababonye abandi bakabikorera kuri internet.''

Kugira agabanye ibiro vyiwe, Muriuki yabanje kugirirwa ivyo umuntu yogereranya n'ukumushiramwo igipurizo mu mushishito, kugira bagabanye ahaja ivyo kurya amere nk'uwumva ko ahaze. Ico gipurizo akenshi kiravanwayo inyuma y'amezi atandatu.

N'ubwo yakorewe ivyo, amagara yiwe yagumye ahungabana mu ntango za 2024 inyuma y'urupfu rw'uwo bari bafise umugambi wo kwubakana.

Yavuze ko yataye ibiro vyinshi mu mwanya muto ''mu buryo butari bwiza ku magara'', hanyuma vyongera gusubira kuduga.

Niho yaca arondera inshinge zo guta ibiro ku muganga abizi.

Avuga ko ivyo atabikoze kugira arondere inzira za hagufi zo gushika ku vyo yarondera.

''Ntivyigeze bigenda gutyo,'' niko yavuze, kuko yari azi ingene abantu baciye mu nzira za hagufi mu guta ibiro banegurwa.

Kugenzura ivyo urya no kugira imyimenyerezo yo kwinonora kuva kera ni vyo abantu bahanurwa nk'inzira za mbere nziza zo kugenzura ibiro.

Ariko Muganga Alvin Mondoh, Umunya-Kenya yanonosoye ivyo kugenzura ibiro, avuga ko "abantu n'ubundi baracakeneye ubufasha'', biciye kwa muganga, kuko kuduza ibiro bishobora guterwa ''n'imvo zitatuvuyeko''.

Ariko agabisha ko impungenge ziguma ziba nyinshi kw'ikoreshwa ry'inshinge zo guta ibiro.

''Aho bibabarije ni uko muri iyi minsi tubona hari abantu bijukiye kuzikoresha ku mvo zitandukanye,'' niko avuga.

Hashobora kuba ingorane, na cane cane iyo hari uwurondeye guca mu zindi nzira atari ku mavuriro yemerewe kubikora canke imiti yemewe, akarondera ibizimbutse kw'isoko ritagenzurwa.

Ku kigo ca Nairobi Bariatric Center, kibaga, kigatanga imiti yo guta ibiro hamwe n'impanuro, bishobora gutwara amafaranga ava ku mashiringi ya Kenya 38.000 (hafi $300) gushika ku bihumbi vy'amadorari, benshi mu Banya-Kenya bakaba ata mafaranga boronka ku buhinga buzimvye cane muri ubwo.

Kuria aremera ko ubuhinga bwo guta ibiro ''busaba amafaranga menshi'' - yatanze ayashika $6.000 ku miti no mu kuvana ibinure mu gice kimwe c'umubiri bijanwa ahandi.

Kandi agabisha abantu kumenya ko hari ingaruka.

''Urariha [kandi n'] amafaranga yo gukira, kandi ntivyoroshe. Urariha uruvugo rwo mu kibano. Ni inzira ya hagufi itigera iba ngufi,'' niko avuga.

Ariko, ntiyicuza.

Mondoh agabisha ko kuba abantu bamwe bamwe bakeneye cane guta ibiro bituma bashobora kugwa mu vyara vy'abambuzi.

Mu kwezi kw'umunani guheze, urwego rugenzura imiti, Pharmacy and Poisons Board, rwasohoye imburi ku banyagihugu kw'ikoreshwa ry'imiti yo guta ibiro.

''Semaglutide ni umuti wandikwa na muganga gusa kandi ikoreshwa ryawo ridakurikiranwa n'umuganga rishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye vy'amagara,'' niko rwavuze.

Umwe mu batanga inama zo kwiyondesha yarahawe gasopo yo guhagarika kwamamariza abamukurikira ibibanza bashobora kuja kuguriramwo izo nshinge ku giciro kizimbutse.

Ariko kubera kuvyibuha vy'umurengera biguma vyiyongera muri Kenya, kurondera guca mu nzira zihuta zo guta ibiro ntaho kuzoja.