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Session 6
νκ΅ κ·μΉμ λν΄μ μ΄λ»κ² λ§νλμ?
Listen to find out how to talk about rules and obligations in English.
μ λ£κ³ μμ΄λ‘ κ·μΉκ³Ό μ무μ λν΄μ λ§νλ λ²μ λ°°μλ΄
μλ€.
Activity 1
How do I talk about rules at school?
νκ΅ κ·μΉμ λν΄μ μ΄λ»κ² λ§νλμ?
λ€μ μ€ μλ¬΄κ° μλ κ²μ 무μμΈκ°μ?
- We have to arrive at 8:30.
- We mustn’t use our mobile phones in class.
- We must wear a uniform.
- But we don’t have to wear specific shoes.
μ λ£κ³ μ¬λ¬λΆμ λ΅μ νμΈν λ€ μλ μ€ν¬λ¦½νΈμ λΉκ΅ν΄λ³΄μΈμ.

Bolam
μλ
νμΈμ. How do Iμ μ€μ κ²μ νμν©λλ€. μ λ μ보λμ
λλ€. μ€λμ Samκ³Ό ν¨κ»ν κ²μ.
Sam
Hello, everybody. Welcome!
Bolam
μ€λμ Tomμ΄ μκΈ° νκ΅ κ·μΉμ λν΄μ μ΄μΌκΈ°νλ νλ κ±Έ λ€μ΄λ³΄λ©΄μ μμν κ²μ. λ€ μμλ£μ§ λͺ»νλ€κ³ κ±±μ νμ§ λ§μΈμ, μ ν¬κ° λμλ릴 κ±°μμ. μ κ·ΈλΌ Tomμ μ΄μΌκΈ°λ₯Ό λ€μ΄λ³΄μΈμ. νμλ€μ΄ μ νν μ μλ ν κ°μ§ 무μμΌκΉμ?
We have to arrive at 8:30. We mustn’t use our mobile phones in class. We must wear a uniform but we don’t have to wear specific shoes.
Bolam
λ€μΌμ
¨λμ? νμλ€μ΄ μ νν μ μλ ν κ°μ§λ λ°λ‘ μ λ°μ΄μμ΄μ. μ΄λ»κ² μ μ μμ£ , μ?
Sam
We’re going to have a look! Let’s start with the first thing he said.
Bolam
Tomμ λμ¬ ‘arrive’ λμ°©νλ€λ₯Ό μ¬μ©νμ΅λλ€. λμ¬ μμ μ¬μ©ν κ΄μ©κ΅¬κ° 무μμ΄μμ£ ?
We have to arrive at 8:30.
Bolam
‘Have to’λ κΌ ν΄μΌνλ€λ λ»μΌλ‘ λͺ¨λ μ£Όμ΄μ μ¬μ©ν μ μμ΄μ. νμ§λ§ ‘he’λ ‘she’, ‘it’μ κ²½μ°μλ ‘has to’λ₯Ό μ¬μ©ν΄μΌ ν©λλ€. ‘Have to’λ ‘has to’ λ€μλ λμ¬μνμ μλλ€. μ¬μ€ μ€λ 곡λΆν λ€ κ°μ§ νν λ€μλ λͺ¨λ λμ¬μνμ μ¨μΌ ν΄μ.
Sam
Yes, so for example, I have to arrive at work at 9:00 but my friend, he, has to arrive at 8:00.
Let’s practise the pronunciation. Notice that the ‘v’ in ‘have’ is pronounced more like an ‘f’ in ‘have to’. Repeat after me:
I have to arrive at 9:00.
Bolam
κ·ΈλΌ λ€μ κ·μΉμ λν΄μ λ€μ΄λ³΄μ£ . μ΄λ²μλ Tomμ΄ ‘use’λΌλ λμ¬λ₯Ό μ¬μ©νλλ°, μμ μ΄λ€ λ¨μ΄λ₯Ό μΌμ£ ?
We mustn’t use our mobile phones in class.
λ°λ‘ ‘mustn’t’μ λλ€. μ΄κ²μ λ°λμ νμ§ λ§μμΌ νλ νλμ μ°μ΄λ λ§λ‘, ‘must’μ ‘not’μ΄ ν©ν΄μ§ λ¨μ΄μ λλ€. μ£Όμ΄μ λ°λΌμ ννκ° λ³ννμ§ μμ, ‘I’λ ‘he’, ‘we’ λͺ¨λ κ·Έλλ‘ μ¬μ©ν μ μμ΅λλ€.
Sam
And the pronunciation is ‘mustn’t’. Let’s try that:
I mustn’t be late.
Now let’s listen to the next rule.
Bolam
μ΄λ²μλ ‘wear’λΌλ λμ¬λ₯Ό μ¬μ©νμ΄μ. ‘Wear’ μμ λ¬΄μ¨ λμ¬μ λμ¬κ΅¬λ₯Ό μΌλμ§ λ€μΌμ
¨λμ? μ λ£κ³ μ΄λ²μλ μ΄ λ κ°μ§λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ보μΈμ.
We must wear a uniform but we don’t have to wear specific shoes.
Bolam
‘I must wear a uniform’μ΄λΌλ λ§μ νμ΅λλ€. ‘λλ κ΅λ³΅μ μ
μ΄μΌ νλ€’λ λ»μΌλ‘ ‘must’λ ‘have to’μ κ°μ μλ―Έμ
λλ€. λ°λμ ν΄μΌ ν μΌμ΄λ μ무λ₯Ό λνλ΄λ κ±°μ£ . λ¨, ‘mustn’t’μ κ°μ΄ μ£Όμ΄μ λ°λΌ λ³ννμ§ μμ΅λλ€.
Sam
Please repeat after me for the pronunciation:
I must wear a uniform.
He must arrive at 8:00.
Bolam
λ§μ§λ§μΌλ‘ ‘I don’t have to’λ. ‘~νμ§ μμλ λλ€’λΌλ μλ―Έμ
λλ€. ‘Don’t have to’λ λ³ΈμΈμ΄ μνλ λλ‘ νλ μ§ μ νλ μ§ μ νν μ μλ€λ λ»μ΄μ£ .
Sam
And, again, it’s ‘don’t have to’ for everyone apart from ‘he’, ‘she’ and ‘it’, where we say ‘doesn’t have to’. Let’s practise. Repeat after me:
I don’t have to wear a uniform.
She doesn’t have to wear a uniform.
Bolam
Thanks, Sam. κ³ λ§μμ, μ. μ, μ§κΈκΉμ§ μ무λ₯Ό νννλ λ°©λ² μΈ κ°μ§μ μλ¬΄κ° μλ μ¬νμ νννλ λ°©λ² ν κ°μ§λ₯Ό λ°°μλ΄€μ΅λλ€.
Sam
Now you can talk about rules and obligations! And, unfortunately, we have to end there.
Bolam
Yes, we must! Bye!
Sam
Bye!
Learn more!
1) κΌ ν΄μΌ ν μΌμ΄λ μ무λ₯Ό μ΄λ»κ² ννν μ μλμ?
λ κ°μ§ ννλ²μ΄ μμ΅λλ€.
- We have to arrive at 8:30.
- We must wear a uniform.
2) νλ©΄ μ λλ μΌμ΄λ κΈμ§μ¬νμ λν΄μλ μ΄λ»κ² ννν μ μλμ?
ν κ°μ§ ννλ²μ΄ μμ΅λλ€.
- We mustn’t use our mobile phones in class.
3) μ νν μ μλ μΌμ λν΄μλ μ΄λ»κ² ννν μ μλμ?
ν κ°μ§ ννλ²μ΄ μμ΅λλ€.
- We don’t have to wear specific shoes.
4) μ΄λ€ ννλ‘ μ°λμ?
have to
I/ you/ we/ they + have to + base verb (λμ¬μν)
He/ she/ it + has to + base verb
must
subject + must + base verb
must not
subject + (must + not) mustn’t + base verb
not have to
I/ you/ we/ they + don’t have to + base verb
He/ she/ it + doesn’t have to + base verb
How do I talk about rules at school?
3 Questions
Choose the correct answer.
μ λ΅μ κ³ λ₯΄μΈμ.
Gargaarsa
Activity
Choose the correct answer.
μ λ΅μ κ³ λ₯΄μΈμ.
karaarra buusu
κΌ ν΄μΌ νλ μΌμ΄λ μ무μ¬νμ λνλΌ λ βhave toβλ₯Ό μ°λμ μλλ©΄ βnot have toβλ₯Ό μ°λμ?Question 1 of 3
Gargaarsa
Activity
Choose the correct answer.
μ λ΅μ κ³ λ₯΄μΈμ.
karaarra buusu
λ€μ μ€ μ νκΆμ΄ μμ΄ μνλ€λ©΄ μ μ₯μ μ μ μ μλ€λ μλ―Έλ₯Ό λνλ΄λ λ¬Έμ₯μ?Question 2 of 3
Gargaarsa
Activity
Choose the correct answer.
μ λ΅μ κ³ λ₯΄μΈμ.
karaarra buusu
Which one means that there is no choice?Question 3 of 3
Excellent!Great job!Carraa badaa!Qabxii argatte:
What rules do you have to follow? Come and tell us on our Facebook group!
λ°λΌμΌ νλ κ·μΉμ΄ μλμ? μ ν¬ Facebookκ·Έλ£Ήμμ μ΄μΌκΈ°ν΄ μ£ΌμΈμ
Join us for our next episode of How do I…, when we will learn more useful language and practise your listening skills.
How do I λ€μμκ°μλ ν¨κ» μ μ©ν μμ΄νν λ°°μ°κ³ μ°μ΅ν΄λ΄
μλ€.
Session Vocabulary
arrive
λμ°©νλ€use (our mobiles phones in class)
μ¬μ©νλ€wear
μ λ€a uniform
κ΅λ³΅specific shoes
νΉμ μ λ°